1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:16,474 This series presents information based in part on theory and conjecture. 2 00:00:16,474 --> 00:00:20,994 The producer's purpose is to suggest some possible explanations, but not necessarily 3 00:00:20,994 --> 00:00:27,714 the only ones to the mysteries we will examine. 4 00:00:27,714 --> 00:00:33,633 Bishop James Pike was one of the most controversial and paradoxical clergymen of our century. 5 00:00:33,633 --> 00:00:36,153 He was a lawyer turned priest. 6 00:00:36,153 --> 00:00:38,833 A Roman Catholic turned Episcopalian. 7 00:00:38,833 --> 00:00:45,213 He drew thousands into the church, yet was almost thrown out as a heretic. 8 00:00:45,213 --> 00:00:47,193 Some called him genius. 9 00:00:47,193 --> 00:00:52,353 When he went to mediums and seances, however, they called him mad. 10 00:00:52,353 --> 00:00:56,392 At last he faced his destiny alone in the wilderness. 11 00:00:56,392 --> 00:01:07,712 His personal quest was for the answer to man's oldest mystery. 12 00:01:07,712 --> 00:01:14,152 In September of 1969, after James Pike resigned as Bishop of the Episcopal Church, he drove 13 00:01:14,152 --> 00:01:18,631 into the desolation of the Israeli desert with his new wife Diane. 14 00:01:18,631 --> 00:01:25,391 It was here in 1948, in the caves of Qumran, that the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. 15 00:01:25,391 --> 00:01:30,431 These parchment documented Hebrew law at the time of Jesus. 16 00:01:30,431 --> 00:01:34,431 Pike and his wife had come to explore these caves and experience the wilderness where 17 00:01:34,431 --> 00:01:38,710 Christ was tempted by Satan. 18 00:01:38,710 --> 00:01:43,790 Having followed an inaccurate map, they found themselves trapped in a riverbed far from 19 00:01:43,790 --> 00:01:45,190 the main road. 20 00:01:45,190 --> 00:01:51,590 They set out to seek help with only a bottle of soda and no protection from the 140 degree 21 00:01:51,590 --> 00:01:55,910 heat. 22 00:01:55,910 --> 00:02:01,149 The outspoken Pike had recently been banned from performing any priestly duties and had 23 00:02:01,149 --> 00:02:04,589 quit the church, hurt and angry. 24 00:02:04,589 --> 00:02:13,909 Was he here to retrace the steps of Christ, or had he in some way known he might die? 25 00:02:13,909 --> 00:02:17,349 Even in his youth, Pike's life centered on the church. 26 00:02:17,349 --> 00:02:22,948 As a child, he drew religious figures and dressed paper dolls as priests. 27 00:02:22,948 --> 00:02:30,388 A pious teenager whom others called a loner, he attended Roman Catholic Mass daily. 28 00:02:30,388 --> 00:02:39,468 He spent years doing special devotions to make sure that he would go to heaven. 29 00:02:39,468 --> 00:02:43,268 Priests took the place of the father he lost when he was two. 30 00:02:43,268 --> 00:02:47,907 With them he shared doubts he was already having about his faith, doubts that would 31 00:02:47,907 --> 00:02:50,147 always shadow him. 32 00:02:50,147 --> 00:02:54,107 His entire life was spent searching for meaning. 33 00:02:54,107 --> 00:02:59,147 As a youth, he left the Catholic Church and turned agnostic. 34 00:02:59,147 --> 00:03:04,107 After college, he began a promising legal career, but left it and became an Episcopal 35 00:03:04,107 --> 00:03:05,607 priest. 36 00:03:05,607 --> 00:03:12,546 It became a lifelong pattern, on the one hand irresistibly drawn to the church, on the other, 37 00:03:12,546 --> 00:03:16,146 in conflict with it. 38 00:03:16,146 --> 00:03:21,506 Only five years out of Divinity School, he was installed as Dean of one of the largest 39 00:03:21,506 --> 00:03:30,785 cathedrals in the world, St. John the Divine in New York City. 40 00:03:30,785 --> 00:03:35,105 Pike brought new life to the vast cathedral and to the faith as well. 41 00:03:35,105 --> 00:03:41,105 He put traditional church theology into everyday language and used his powerful pulpit to voice 42 00:03:41,105 --> 00:03:43,665 his opinions on current issues. 43 00:03:43,665 --> 00:03:47,865 His opinions began to irritate church hierarchy. 44 00:03:47,865 --> 00:03:53,304 When the movie Baby Doll was called pornographic by Catholic Cardinal Spellman, Pike boldly 45 00:03:53,304 --> 00:03:55,504 went to see for himself. 46 00:03:55,504 --> 00:04:00,824 His attendance made news and his sermon the following Sunday declared the movie profoundly 47 00:04:00,824 --> 00:04:06,504 Christian in message and less sensual than DeMille's movie The Ten Commandments. 48 00:04:06,504 --> 00:04:12,464 While some called Pike a publicity hound, others like Archdeacon Darby Betts understood 49 00:04:12,464 --> 00:04:14,263 his motives. 50 00:04:14,263 --> 00:04:22,103 Bishop Pike had a great nose for news and I am convinced that his chief seeking of fame, 51 00:04:22,103 --> 00:04:27,663 notoriety, public attention, anything else you want to describe was of course partly 52 00:04:27,663 --> 00:04:35,742 due to ego but primarily due to his determination to be a preacher, to be an evangelist. 53 00:04:35,742 --> 00:04:42,222 ABC television recognized his growing popularity and gave him his own weekly show. 54 00:04:42,222 --> 00:04:48,942 Now married for the second time, his wife and four children were often on the program. 55 00:04:48,942 --> 00:04:58,941 While he loved his family greatly, he had little time for them. 56 00:04:58,941 --> 00:05:04,941 He would later consider himself a failure as a father, partly perhaps because of his alcoholism 57 00:05:05,021 --> 00:05:08,861 which took him years to conquer. 58 00:05:08,861 --> 00:05:13,981 Bishop Paul Moore of New York knew the driven clergyman for over 20 years. 59 00:05:13,981 --> 00:05:20,180 I think the first thing I'd say about Jim Pike as a person to meet for the first time 60 00:05:20,180 --> 00:05:24,460 was an enormous energy, intellectual energy, physical energy. 61 00:05:24,460 --> 00:05:26,260 He was very hard for him to sit still. 62 00:05:26,260 --> 00:05:30,420 When he was talking he was always using his hands and his arms and his mind was going 63 00:05:30,420 --> 00:05:36,100 a mile a minute and usually going faster than his words so that you had a sense he 64 00:05:36,100 --> 00:05:41,059 was always trying to catch up with his thinking. 65 00:05:41,059 --> 00:05:47,379 Pike was so compelled to achieve that he didn't consider his work day over until nearly midnight. 66 00:05:47,379 --> 00:05:53,699 He authored 20 books including one entitled The Next Day which he had to compile in 24 67 00:05:53,699 --> 00:05:57,179 hours to meet a forgotten deadline. 68 00:05:57,179 --> 00:06:01,379 He traveled in the Holy Land to examine the Palestinian problem. 69 00:06:01,379 --> 00:06:07,978 Panels, articles, crusades, he missed few opportunities to capture public attention 70 00:06:07,978 --> 00:06:11,298 endangering his health and his marriage. 71 00:06:11,298 --> 00:06:13,778 Why was he never satisfied? 72 00:06:13,778 --> 00:06:19,738 What was he trying to prove to the world, to the church or to himself? 73 00:06:19,738 --> 00:06:24,497 Some say Jim was a genius and some say he was mad. 74 00:06:24,497 --> 00:06:30,817 I think that genius is very close to madness and in Jim Pike's case I think most of the 75 00:06:30,817 --> 00:06:36,257 time genius was being expressed but the madness did come through. 76 00:06:36,257 --> 00:06:43,257 The madness came through in lack of control, in going far beyond the limits of normal human 77 00:06:43,257 --> 00:06:49,176 endurance in his use of himself and his expectations of others. 78 00:06:49,176 --> 00:06:55,936 In 1958, Pike became Bishop of California, a position he had desperately wanted. 79 00:06:55,936 --> 00:06:59,456 The office had drawbacks however. 80 00:06:59,456 --> 00:07:04,896 Now he would be expected to defend church orthodoxy even if he disagreed with it and 81 00:07:04,896 --> 00:07:07,576 disagree with it he did. 82 00:07:07,576 --> 00:07:12,895 In tune with the rebellious spirit of the 60s he seemed to voice the unspoken doubts of 83 00:07:12,895 --> 00:07:18,935 millions about such once unquestionable doctrine as the virginity of Mary and the deity of 84 00:07:18,935 --> 00:07:24,575 Christ and not only did he challenge the church but he became more and more politically 85 00:07:24,575 --> 00:07:25,575 outspoken. 86 00:07:25,575 --> 00:07:30,854 This sounds very unpatriotic because the communist countries were on the side of God whereas 87 00:07:30,854 --> 00:07:35,814 our nation was on the side of the devil and it lost a ray. 88 00:07:35,814 --> 00:07:40,854 He marched in Selma with Martin Luther King and said that he was quite ready for mayhem 89 00:07:40,854 --> 00:07:42,214 and death. 90 00:07:42,214 --> 00:07:46,934 He protested the war in Vietnam and proudly displayed his new peace cross. 91 00:07:46,934 --> 00:07:53,293 He established a street ministry in San Francisco to fight prejudice and help runaways, dropouts 92 00:07:53,293 --> 00:07:54,933 and gays. 93 00:07:54,933 --> 00:07:59,533 He embraced each new project with unbounded enthusiasm. 94 00:07:59,533 --> 00:08:05,093 When Pike added new stained glass windows to Grace Cathedral he chose to honor not biblical 95 00:08:05,093 --> 00:08:10,773 figures but scientist Albert Einstein and astronaut John Glenn, personal heroes whom 96 00:08:10,773 --> 00:08:13,373 he called secular saints. 97 00:08:13,373 --> 00:08:19,052 In many ways Pike was as wide-eyed and unrestrained as the flowered children who populated hate 98 00:08:19,052 --> 00:08:20,052 aspery. 99 00:08:20,052 --> 00:08:27,732 The remembrance of him that means most to me was his almost being a little boy as well 100 00:08:27,732 --> 00:08:30,132 as a great man. 101 00:08:30,132 --> 00:08:37,731 He was not only naive, he was not only humble but he was starry-eyed about so many things. 102 00:08:37,731 --> 00:08:41,051 He was so vulnerable. 103 00:08:41,051 --> 00:08:47,211 While popular with the public, the ecclesiastical tide began to turn against Pike and some in 104 00:08:47,211 --> 00:08:52,291 the house of Bishop's whispering heresy sought ways to silence him. 105 00:08:52,291 --> 00:08:55,091 Bishop Moore, however, tried to help. 106 00:08:55,091 --> 00:08:59,970 And we'd get him aside and say, Jim, now please don't put it this way because it's unnecessary. 107 00:08:59,970 --> 00:09:05,250 You're going to alienate everybody and make it tough to get this issue through. 108 00:09:05,250 --> 00:09:09,450 And then, you know, he'd go off and try to report us and the headlines the next morning 109 00:09:09,450 --> 00:09:15,130 would be disastrous and we'd grab him and pull him into the room, the smoke-filled 110 00:09:15,130 --> 00:09:21,129 room, sit him down, get him a drink and say, now wait a minute, you really lost everything 111 00:09:21,129 --> 00:09:22,129 up. 112 00:09:22,129 --> 00:09:25,569 Will you please behave yourself for the rest of the session? 113 00:09:25,569 --> 00:09:31,209 And of course he never would, which was part of his genius but it sometimes drove some 114 00:09:31,209 --> 00:09:35,209 of us crazy. 115 00:09:35,209 --> 00:10:05,167 On their return to the United States, Jimmy stopped off in New York. 116 00:10:05,927 --> 00:10:06,927 Alone. 117 00:10:06,927 --> 00:10:13,727 He had said goodbye to his father in London. 118 00:10:13,727 --> 00:10:20,807 Near Times Square, Jimmy bought a rifle. 119 00:10:20,807 --> 00:10:26,646 The despondent note he left in his hotel room would give little reason why he took his life. 120 00:10:26,646 --> 00:10:33,926 Was his suicide the result of drugs or was there another cause? 121 00:10:33,926 --> 00:10:41,806 The questions tormented Bishop Pike even as he conducted his own son's funeral. 122 00:10:41,806 --> 00:10:47,246 As he followed Jimmy's wishes and scattered his ashes beyond the Golden Gate, Pike dispaired 123 00:10:47,246 --> 00:10:53,645 that after finally learning to communicate with his son, the door was irreversibly closed. 124 00:10:53,645 --> 00:10:55,125 Or was it? 125 00:10:55,125 --> 00:11:00,925 In the years to come he would defy the boundary of death itself, seeking contact with his son 126 00:11:00,925 --> 00:11:07,365 from beyond the grave. 127 00:11:07,365 --> 00:11:12,524 Tormented by feelings he had failed as a father, Bishop Pike returned to England to lose himself 128 00:11:12,524 --> 00:11:14,724 in his work. 129 00:11:14,724 --> 00:11:20,684 In the apartment he had shared with his son, odd events began occurring. 130 00:11:20,684 --> 00:11:26,484 Books were found on the floor at a peculiar angle to each other as though arranged. 131 00:11:26,484 --> 00:11:32,763 Inside one book was a postcard his son had bought, stuck as though glued. 132 00:11:32,763 --> 00:11:37,643 Throughout the flat were found safety pins, opened so wide they must have been bent that 133 00:11:37,643 --> 00:11:40,163 way for some purpose. 134 00:11:40,163 --> 00:11:45,323 And there were more postcards lying at the same angle. 135 00:11:45,323 --> 00:11:51,163 A clue came when a broken clock whose hands had been stuck at 12.30 was discovered with 136 00:11:51,163 --> 00:11:55,362 the hands now stopped at 8.19. 137 00:11:55,362 --> 00:12:03,042 The clock hands, the postcards, the books and safety pins all at the same angle. 138 00:12:03,042 --> 00:12:08,682 Bishop Pike calculated that 8.19 was close to the London time when his son died. 139 00:12:08,682 --> 00:12:12,882 Was Jimmy trying to communicate with him? 140 00:12:12,882 --> 00:12:15,042 Pike was not alone in the apartment. 141 00:12:15,042 --> 00:12:19,921 With him were David his chaplain and Maren his editorial assistant. 142 00:12:19,921 --> 00:12:26,561 All three were baffled by the strange events and could not agree on a natural explanation. 143 00:12:26,561 --> 00:12:31,281 The phenomena occurred so frequently that the Bishop began to keep a log of anything 144 00:12:31,281 --> 00:12:35,921 that seemed unusual, searching for a pattern or meaning. 145 00:12:35,921 --> 00:12:41,520 One day his closet was found with one part much neater than usual and the other a total 146 00:12:41,520 --> 00:12:43,520 mess. 147 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:49,680 The thermostat was found set uncomfortably high the way Jimmy liked it. 148 00:12:49,680 --> 00:13:00,080 In the most startling incident, Pike and Maren watched as a hand mirror moved by itself. 149 00:13:00,080 --> 00:13:05,559 How many of the phenomena were as strange as he reported and how many were the imagination 150 00:13:05,559 --> 00:13:10,919 of a grief-stricken father yearning for contact with his son? 151 00:13:10,919 --> 00:13:15,799 Bishop Pike wrote that often in the midst of conversation he would suddenly become aware 152 00:13:15,799 --> 00:13:20,279 of the time, always at 8.19. 153 00:13:20,279 --> 00:13:24,158 Some said his obsession bordered on madness. 154 00:13:24,158 --> 00:13:29,078 If Jimmy was trying to make contact, what was he trying to say? 155 00:13:29,078 --> 00:13:32,198 Perhaps a spiritual medium could provide the answer. 156 00:13:32,198 --> 00:13:36,678 Pike sought one to obtain, as he termed it, professional help. 157 00:13:36,678 --> 00:13:39,158 He's here, she said. 158 00:13:39,158 --> 00:13:42,798 He's trying very hard to get through. 159 00:13:42,798 --> 00:13:47,877 Anna Twig was a well-known English medium and a member of his church. 160 00:13:47,877 --> 00:13:54,077 As she focused her attention on something of Jimmy's, Pike sensed a change. 161 00:13:54,077 --> 00:13:57,997 Pike felt that Jimmy was speaking through the medium. 162 00:13:57,997 --> 00:14:04,117 His son described how he had moved objects in their apartment, regretted his suicide, 163 00:14:04,117 --> 00:14:09,316 and was glad as he put it, about the golden gate. 164 00:14:09,316 --> 00:14:13,356 Pike held two sittings with Twig and was impressed. 165 00:14:13,356 --> 00:14:18,436 But could she have been told these facts and faked the communication? 166 00:14:18,436 --> 00:14:23,956 Did Meron, who some suspected was unbalanced, create the phenomena and feed the information 167 00:14:23,956 --> 00:14:30,715 to Twig, hoping to give Pike reassurance that his son's spirit lived? 168 00:14:30,715 --> 00:14:37,355 Pike doubted it, but would seek other mediums in America. 169 00:14:37,355 --> 00:14:43,435 When his return to San Francisco, Pike realized, as he put it, that he was not twins and could 170 00:14:43,435 --> 00:14:50,354 no longer bear his personal strains and hold the office of bishop. 171 00:14:50,354 --> 00:14:53,714 Thousands attended his farewell sermon. 172 00:14:53,714 --> 00:15:00,434 If it does not seem that there ever is going to be a second coming, if there was not a 173 00:15:00,434 --> 00:15:08,874 virgin birth, if there is not a committee god, the Trinity, if there was no ascension 174 00:15:08,874 --> 00:15:17,633 into heaven, if there was no descent into hell, then what can a man believe? 175 00:15:17,633 --> 00:15:24,753 Pike would search for the rest of his life to answer that question. 176 00:15:24,753 --> 00:15:28,433 He continued active as bishop without an official position. 177 00:15:28,433 --> 00:15:33,433 While teaching a course in religion, he met a young woman who became his companion, administrative 178 00:15:33,433 --> 00:15:39,032 assistant and a stabilizing influence, Diane Kennedy. 179 00:15:39,032 --> 00:15:43,792 Invited to join the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara as 180 00:15:43,792 --> 00:15:49,992 theologian in residence, he researched two of his favorite topics, the Dead Sea Scrolls 181 00:15:49,992 --> 00:15:52,792 and the Life of the Man Jesus. 182 00:15:52,792 --> 00:15:56,471 But his agitated life was far from settled. 183 00:15:56,511 --> 00:16:02,471 The 1966 House of Bishops meeting, Pike would be called heretic, then censured. 184 00:16:02,471 --> 00:16:09,071 Well, in simplest terms, what rank of the House of Bishops is that he was basically a pest. 185 00:16:09,071 --> 00:16:14,951 He was a pest in that he constantly brought up subjects innately, that people would wish 186 00:16:14,951 --> 00:16:17,031 that he leave alone. 187 00:16:17,031 --> 00:16:23,030 His keen legal mind challenged the censure and demanded to face his accusers in a heresy 188 00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:24,030 trial. 189 00:16:24,030 --> 00:16:29,750 However, the law was changed and Pike was never tried. 190 00:16:29,750 --> 00:16:35,510 His professional career was saved, just as his personal life fragmented further. 191 00:16:35,510 --> 00:16:40,189 In his Santa Barbara apartment, his assistant, Maren, committed suicide. 192 00:16:40,189 --> 00:16:44,029 Apparently unhappy that Pike lacked romantic interest in her. 193 00:16:44,029 --> 00:16:46,309 The scandal was quickly buried. 194 00:16:46,309 --> 00:16:52,029 Shortly thereafter, his 25-year marriage to Esther ended in divorce, leaving him free 195 00:16:52,029 --> 00:16:55,949 to openly pursue his relationship with Diane. 196 00:16:55,949 --> 00:17:03,068 In September 1967, Pike made perhaps his most controversial news of all, attending a seance 197 00:17:03,068 --> 00:17:09,708 televised from Canada with a celebrated medium, Arthur Ford. 198 00:17:09,708 --> 00:17:14,028 While Ford's voice was reassuring, there was little that proved they were really speaking 199 00:17:14,028 --> 00:17:15,028 with Jim. 200 00:17:15,028 --> 00:17:24,707 Jim says he wants you to definitely understand that you, or any other member of the family, 201 00:17:24,707 --> 00:17:32,867 have any right to feel any sense of guilt or any have any feeling that you failed me 202 00:17:32,867 --> 00:17:34,587 in any way. 203 00:17:34,587 --> 00:17:37,747 A few months later, they visited Ford again. 204 00:17:37,747 --> 00:17:40,707 Diane Pike. 205 00:17:40,707 --> 00:17:45,107 The second one, the Philadelphia sitting was very evidential. 206 00:17:45,107 --> 00:17:51,426 We went with specific questions that we wanted to ask to see if we could get detailed information 207 00:17:51,426 --> 00:17:58,346 about Jim Jr.'s death, how it had taken place, and what were the circumstances before the 208 00:17:58,346 --> 00:18:06,186 death and many details that we had not been able to find out any other way. 209 00:18:06,186 --> 00:18:11,385 Ford revealed that Jimmy committed suicide due to deep fears about his masculinity. 210 00:18:11,385 --> 00:18:19,585 The bishop acknowledged he knew of the fears, a private detail he believed to be unresearchable. 211 00:18:19,585 --> 00:18:24,865 After Pike and Diane wrote about the psychic experiences, they were married, sure that 212 00:18:24,865 --> 00:18:27,705 they had the tacit approval of the church. 213 00:18:27,705 --> 00:18:29,705 They were wrong. 214 00:18:29,705 --> 00:18:34,144 Just after the wedding, the next bishop of California, perhaps pressured by the House 215 00:18:34,144 --> 00:18:38,864 of Bishops, banned Pike from performing any sacred duties. 216 00:18:38,864 --> 00:18:42,104 In essence, he was defrocked. 217 00:18:42,104 --> 00:18:47,064 Devastated by this final blow, the bishop and his wife quit the church. 218 00:18:47,064 --> 00:18:53,063 A trip to Israel was part of their plan to begin a new life of research and travel. 219 00:18:53,063 --> 00:18:59,623 Pike put his affairs in order before he left, even making visits to all his children. 220 00:18:59,623 --> 00:19:05,743 We spent an entire night, the night before going out into the desert, reviewing his life 221 00:19:05,743 --> 00:19:09,743 and talking about the parts of his life that he felt were still unfinished, a which there 222 00:19:09,743 --> 00:19:19,662 was really only one major one that was in relation to his wife of 25 years. 223 00:19:19,662 --> 00:19:25,742 He wrote her a birthday note and mailed it actually just as we were leaving the hotel 224 00:19:25,742 --> 00:19:28,582 to go out into the desert. 225 00:19:28,662 --> 00:19:33,582 In the wilderness, they had planned to literally walk in Jesus' footsteps. 226 00:19:33,582 --> 00:19:40,821 Did Pike in some way feel he might never return? 227 00:19:40,821 --> 00:19:44,261 Lost in the desert, Pike grew weaker. 228 00:19:44,261 --> 00:19:50,101 They soon agreed Diane had the best chance of getting help and should go on alone. 229 00:19:50,101 --> 00:19:58,500 It would be their only hope of survival. 230 00:19:58,500 --> 00:20:03,700 For ten hours, she struggled through deep ravines and up high cliffs, knowing that soon 231 00:20:03,700 --> 00:20:08,180 they would face the merciless sun that neither could survive. 232 00:20:08,180 --> 00:20:17,460 The region was uninhabited, except for a small camp of Arab road workers. 233 00:20:17,460 --> 00:20:22,339 Near dawn, they heard what they thought was an animal, but soon recognized a woman's voice 234 00:20:22,339 --> 00:20:27,259 crying Shalom. 235 00:20:27,259 --> 00:20:30,939 Diane was safe, but what about Jim? 236 00:20:30,939 --> 00:20:35,539 A few hours later, she led a search party to retrace their path. 237 00:20:35,539 --> 00:20:37,979 He was not where she had left him. 238 00:20:37,979 --> 00:20:41,299 Had he found his way out? 239 00:20:41,299 --> 00:20:48,178 Pike had discovered a small spring and pushed on, perhaps fearing Diane needed help. 240 00:20:48,178 --> 00:20:58,818 To show he'd been there, he left clothing behind. 241 00:20:58,818 --> 00:21:02,898 Ultimately, he was found, but not alive. 242 00:21:02,898 --> 00:21:07,817 He had fallen and his body rested in a kneeling position. 243 00:21:07,817 --> 00:21:16,017 There are those who would say that perhaps in the end, his faith had conquered his doubt. 244 00:21:16,017 --> 00:21:23,937 I suppose the historical role you would label something like Jim is a prophet. 245 00:21:23,937 --> 00:21:31,576 What he was saying was said with such clarity and strength and sometimes abrasiveness that 246 00:21:31,576 --> 00:21:34,136 the church felt threatened. 247 00:21:34,136 --> 00:21:41,416 I think they couldn't accept him because they knew he was right so often. 248 00:21:41,416 --> 00:21:48,375 World War II has been seen as a black and white war until now. 249 00:21:48,375 --> 00:21:50,215 The images are real. 250 00:21:50,215 --> 00:21:52,215 The color is real. 251 00:21:52,215 --> 00:21:57,215 The color of the war. 252 00:21:57,215 --> 00:22:00,215 Sunday nights at 8 on the History Channel.